交通流量分析与实时最优控制

通过将车流量的增大或减小转化为路长权重的变化。将交通流量的动态问题转化为静态问题，用解决最短路问题的Dijkstra方法，给出交通流量实时最优控制的可行性模型及其有效算法。     

Methodology for preliminary assessment of Natech risk in urban areas

Concern for natural hazard-triggered technological disasters (Natech disasters) in densely populated and industrialized areas is growing. Residents living in urban areas subject to high natural hazard risk are often unaware of the potential for secondary disasters such as hazardous materials releases from neighboring industrial facilities, chemical storage warehouses or other establishments housing hazardous materials. Lessons from previous disasters, such as the Natech disaster during the Kocaeli earthquake in Turkey in 1999 call for the need to manage low frequency/high consequence events, particularly in today’s densely populated areas. However, there is little guidance available on how local governments and communities can assess Natech risk. To add to the problem, local governments often do not have the human or economic resources or expertise to carry out detailed risk assessments. In this article, we propose a methodology for preliminary assessment of Natech risk in urban areas. The proposed methodology is intended for use by local government officials in consultation with the public. The methodology considers possible interactions between the various systems in the urban environment: the physical infrastructure (e.g., industrial plants, lifeline systems, critical facilities), the community (e.g., population exposed), the natural environment (e.g., delicate ecosystems, river basins), and the risk and emergency management systems (e.g., structural and nonstructural measures). Factors related to vulnerability and hazard are analyzed and qualitative measures are recommended. Data from hazardous materials releases during the Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake of August 17, 1999 are used as a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the methodology. Limitations of the proposed methodology are discussed as well as future research needs.

排铅奶粉对在岗交警体内粪铅排除作用

研究了青岛市南、市北、四方三区交警在服用排铅奶粉（ＬｅａｄＥｘｃｒｅｔｉｎｇＭｉｌｋＰｏｗ－ｄｅｒ，ＬＥＭＰ）前后，体内粪铅含量变化情况。实验结果表明，服用ＬＥＭＰ后，粪铅含量先呈上升趋势，达到最高值后，又呈下降趋势。在整个实验过程中，粪铅含量四方区最高，而市南区最低。服用ＬＥＭＰ前，三区交警粪铅平均含量为０．６８７ｍｇ／ｋｇ，服用７ｄ后达到峰值（１．９６ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｐ＜０．０１），第１５ｄ降到１．６１（ｍｇ／ｋｇ）（Ｐ＜０．０５），表明ＬＥＭＰ能排除体内铅起到预防铅中毒的作用     

The Western European PSSA—Testing a unique international concept to protect imperilled marine ecosystems

Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs) are a tool designed to protect vulnerable marine areas from vessel-source pollution through measures approved by the governing body, the International Maritime Organisation. Recent developments triggered by the proposal to designate, amongst others, a large part of the Western European Atlantic a PSSA have brought the instrument to a decisive stage. Although the proposal appears to be lawful, its implications for the concept, which this paper seeks to assess, are questionable. The significance of the instrument is at risk if it is overused. As a consequence, new protective mechanisms should be contemplated.     

Time domain modelling of the transient asymmetric flooding of Ro-Ro ships

This work aims at contributing to improve knowledge on transient asymmetric flooding through theoretical and experimental research. First, a time domain theoretical model of ship motions and flooding is described. Results from experimental work are presented evidencing that transient asymmetric flooding may cause the capsizing of a Ro-Ro shaped barge. The theoretical model is used to predict the capsize of the Ro-Ro shaped barge. Reasonable agreement between experimental and theoretical results was found. Finally, a review of the European Gateway accident is given and the theoretical model is applied to the study of this type of accident. The conclusion is that this theoretical model, together with an accurate modelling of the flooding of machinery compartments, reproduces successfully the capsizing of the European Gateway due to transient asymmetric flooding. Therefore, the internal arrangement of Ro-Ro ships should be carefully studied at the design stage in order to avoid this phenomenon.     

基于GIS的城市交通网络要素可视化表达方法研究

城市交通网络要素的可视化表达是GIS—T研究和应用领域中的一个难题,本文在对目前流行的交通网络数据模型进行系统研究的基础上,选择了动态分段技术下的结点-弧段模型,对交通网络复杂要素进行可视化表达,并对城市交通网络要素的可视化表达方法和形式进行了分析,最后结合交通网络复杂要素的可视化表达,设计和创建了具体的数据结构表和数据结构图。     

基于模糊综合评判的动态路径行程时间预测模型

针对城市交通路网的复杂性和不确定性,提出一种基于模糊综合评判的动态行程时间预测模型,将总行程时间分为行驶时间和交通延误时间两部分,分别介绍这两部分时间的预测模型,并利用该模型对一组模拟道路信息和路况信息进行实际预测,对预测结果进行比较和分析。研究表明该模型算法简捷实用,预测结果精度较高。     

智能交通系统中的公交车辆指挥调度体系结构

该文阐述公交智能指挥调度系统总体框架，结合智能交通系统ITS(Intelligent Transport Systems)对公交智能化调度的逻辑结构和物理结构要求，分析公交车辆智能化调度系统结构体系及其模型化，探讨智能调度策略和调度机理。根据该系统总体设计框架构思，了解系统各功能间的相互关系，优化公交车辆运营管理模式，以改善现有公交系统的管理水平以及运营效率，为公交指挥调度系统的完善、提高提供可靠技术基础。     

Trends In U.S. Hazardous Materials Transportation Spills

This paper examines historical and spatial trends in hazardous materials transportation spills from 1971 to 1991. While the number of spills Inc.reased steadily during the 1970s, peaking in 1978–1979, there has been a decline in frequency sInc.e then largely due to modifications in reporting. Monetary damages have the opposite temporal pattern, with major Inc.reases recorded from 1982 onward. Death and injury statistics are more variable. Spatially, accidents are more prevalent in the Rust Belt extending from the Northeast corridor westward to the Great Lakes states, as well as in the Southeast. The greatest potential risk to the public is found in smaller, more densely populated industrial states such as New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland. The spatial distribution, however, has not changed. Potential risk sources (e.g., chemical industry, number of hazardous waste facilities, number of railroad miles) are the best predictors of hazmat Inc.ident frequency. Mitigation efforts (statewide regulatory and/or management policies) also help explain the variability in hazmat Inc.idents.